Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic (PV) kuthonywa izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle, nokuqoqwa kothuli okugqama kakhulu. Iziphepho zesihlabathi, uthuli, ukungcoliswa komoya, kanye nokunyakaza kwezimoto konke kungaholela ekwakhekeni kothuli ebusweni bukaP

Ngakho-ke, ubaluleke kangakanani umthelela wokulahleka kokungcolisa? Ake sibhekisise!

Ingabe ukulahlekelwa kokungcolisa kunciphisa kuphela ukuphehlwa kukagesi?

Vele akunjalo. Ukulahleka kwenhlabathi kufihla izingozi eziningi zokuphepha ezingaba khona:

- Ukukhishwa Kokushisa Okuphazamisekile**: Ukuqoqwa kothuli kwandisa ukumelana nokushisa, futhi kukho konke ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungu-1°C, amandla okukhipha imojula angase ehle ngo-0.5%.

- I-Hot Spot Effect: I-shading yendawo ingabangela ukushisa ngokweqile, okungase kulimaze amaphaneli elanga futhi kubangele izingozi zokuphepha.

- I-Chemical Corrosion: Ezifundeni ezithile, uthuli lungase lube nezakhiwo ezigqwalayo, ezingacekela phansi ingaphezulu lamamojula futhi kuthinte ubude bazo bokuphila.

Ngabe izitshalo zikagesi ze-PV emhlabeni wonke zihlupheka ngenxa yokulahleka kokungcolisa?

Ukulahleka kwenhlabathi kuyinselelo evamile ezitshalweni zikagesi ze-PV emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa ubukhali bayo buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuqina kwemisebe yelanga kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamabhande othuli lomhlaba wonke.

Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izifunda ezinamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ugesi we-PV ngokuvamile yizona ezisengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukungcoliswa.

Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, obonisa amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic (PV) womhlaba wonke, izifunda ezifana neNyakatho Afrika, iMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-Western China, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, i-Mexico, i-Southern Europe, i-Australia, kanye nogu olusempumalanga nolusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika zinezinga elingcono kakhulu lemisebe yelanga kanye nobude besikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga. Lezi zindawo seziphenduke izindawo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu e-PV.

Umfanekiso 2, imephu yomhlaba wonke yokusabalalisa ukuzwela kothuli, ubonisa ukushuba kweziphepho zesihlabathi ezifundeni ezahlukene. Izindawo ezimnyama kuzo zombili lezi zibalo zidlulela kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi izifunda ezifanele kakhulu izitshalo zamandla elanga ezinkulu nazo zivame ukungcoliswa uthuli. Lezi zindawo zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo futhi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda, zibhekana nezimo ezinzima ezifana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokushoda kwamanzi.

Ukulahleka kokungcolisa kunganciphisa kangakanani ukuphehlwa kukagesi?

Ngokwezilinganiso ze-International Energy Agency (IEA), ngo-2018, ukulahlekelwa kokuphehla amandla ngenxa yothuli kubalele okungenani u-3% kuya ku-4% wonyaka we-photovoltaic power generation, okulingana nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwe-3 kuya ku-5 billion euros. Ngo-2023, lokhu kulahlekelwa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphukele ku-4% kuya ku-5%, okulinganiselwa ku-4 kuya ku-7 billion euros.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba inani lezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic (PV) likhula futhi isikhathi sabo sokusebenza sikhula, indaba yokulahlekelwa kwenhlabathi iba sobala kakhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngempumelelo eqhubekayo yokuguqulwa kwemojula ye-PV eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla nakho kusho ukuthi umthelela wokunqwabelana kothuli uba mkhulu kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi izintengo zokuthengwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke ziye zehla, izindleko zokuhlanza imojula yezandla ziye zakhuphuka. Ngokwezibalo ze-IEA, izindleko zonyaka zokuhlanza mathupha amamojula angu-1 MW e-India zingafinyelela kuma-euro angu-1,000, okuqhubeka kunciphisa ukuzimisela ukuhlanza izimboni zamandla futhi kubhebhethekise ukunqwabelana kothuli.

Isixazululo Esinokwethenjelwa Kakhudlwana, Ezomnotho, Nesingenazinkathazo

Ukubhekana nenselelo yokulahleka kokungcolisa kuyaphuthuma. Ukuzijwayeza kubonise ukuthi ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwemishini emikhulu kagesi ye-PV kuyimisebenzi enzima. Izindlela zendabuko zokuhlanza ngezandla ziyabiza, zidinga abasebenzi abaningi, zisebenzisa amanzi, futhi zibeka izingozi zokuphepha. Amarobhothi okuhlanza ahlakaniphile e-PV anikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo nesongayo.

Amarobhothi okuhlanza e-Sanjmec PV angakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngobuhlakani nedatha yesimo sezulu futhi, ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo okukude, afeze ukusebenza okungagadiwe. Benza imisebenzi yokuhlanza engenamanzi ubusuku nemini, behlisa kakhulu ubunzima bokusebenza kanye nezingozi. Njengamanje, amarobhothi okuhlanza e-Sanjmec PV atshalwe ngempumelelo ezimbonini zikagesi ze-PV emazweni nasezifundeni eziyi-14, okuhlanganisa i-China, Middle East, ne-India, esiza ngempumelelo ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa ukungcolisa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphehlwa kukagesi.